---
title: "Glossary"
author: "Stan Voo"
url: https://www.99rabbits.com/glossary
updated: 2026-10-16
summary: "The words I use for AI agents and agent commerce, each checked against named sources, with its Ukrainian equivalent."
---

# Glossary

These are the words I use when I write about AI agents, the tools around them, and how offers and payments reach them. I checked every term against trusted sources, listed under each entry. The Ukrainian beside each term is for my Ukrainian readers and their agents.

## Agents and the code around them

### Model

Ukrainian: модель

The trained weights that read tokens and predict the next one, such as Claude Opus or Gemini. On its own a model only writes text and remembers nothing between requests; a harness gives it tools and a context window.

- Avoid: LLM for the one model an agent runs on (LLM names the kind, below), AI (as a noun for the model, "the AI said"), neural network
- Avoid in Ukrainian: нейронка, нейромережа, ШІ (as a noun for the model)
- Checked against: Pocock, Willison · 16 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, uk.wikipedia · 16 Oct 2026

### LLM

Ukrainian: LLM

A large language model: the kind of model today's agents run on, trained on vast amounts of text to predict the next token. Write LLM for the technology and the model for the one an agent runs on.

- Usage in Ukrainian: велика мовна модель (LLM) on first use
- Avoid in Ukrainian: ЛЛМ, ЛЛМка, ВММ
- Checked against: Anthropic, Willison; Pocock has no entry · 16 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU, uk.wikipedia · 16 Oct 2026

### Agent

Ukrainian: агент

A model in a harness, calling tools in a loop to reach a goal. A fixed pipeline whose steps are coded in advance is a workflow, not an agent.

- Avoid: bot (for the agent itself; Slack's bot user, an app's presence in a channel, stays a bot), AI (as a noun for the system; AI the technology, uncountable, stays)
- Avoid in Ukrainian: бот, ШІ (as a noun for the system)
- Checked against: Willison, Pocock, Anthropic, Slack's docs ("bot users") · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU, mezha.ua, Microsoft, OpenAI · 15 Oct 2026

### Harness

Ukrainian: харнес

Everything around the model that turns it into an agent: tools, system prompt, what gets loaded into context, permissions, hooks.

- Avoid: application (that is the host), the agent's code, wrapper, scaffolding
- Avoid in Ukrainian: обгортка, обв'язка (DOU's Wargaming piece uses обв'язка for tools such as Roo Code)
- Checked against: Willison, Pocock, Anthropic · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Agent loop

Ukrainian: агентний цикл

The cycle the harness runs: the model proposes a tool call, the harness executes it, the result goes back to the model, repeat.

- Avoid: run (as a defined term), turn (a turn is the whole exchange, below)
- Checked against: Anthropic Agent SDK, Pocock · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Turn

Ukrainian: хід (turn) *(proposal)*

One user message and everything the agent does before it hands back.

- Avoid: turn for one round trip inside the agent loop; Anthropic's Agent SDK counts those as turns (`max_turns`), so call one a round trip
- Checked against: Pocock; Anthropic Agent SDK collides · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: no Ukrainian source found · 15 Oct 2026

### Session

Ukrainian: сесія

One run of work with an agent, from an empty context window until it is cleared, closed or compacted. A new session starts without the history of the last one.

- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic (Claude Code docs) · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Context window

Ukrainian: контекстне вікно

Everything the model sees on one request: the system prompt, the conversation so far and every tool result fed back in. It is finite, and what is outside it does not exist for the model.

- Avoid: context (for the window itself; Pocock keeps context for the information the task needs)
- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Token

Ukrainian: токен

The unit a model reads and writes, roughly a word or a piece of one. The size of a context window, the price and the latency are all counted in tokens.

- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Tool

Ukrainian: інструмент

A function the harness exposes for the model to call, such as reading a file, running a command or searching the web. The agent sees and changes the world outside the model only through tools.

- Avoid in Ukrainian: тул, тулза (except in a product's name)
- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Tool call

Ukrainian: виклик інструмента

The model's request to run a tool: the tool's name and its arguments, written as structured output. The harness decides whether to run it, then sends back the tool result.

- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic API (`tool_use`) · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Tool result

Ukrainian: результат виклику інструмента

The data a tool call returns to the model.

- Avoid: tool output, tool response
- Checked against: Anthropic API (`tool_result`), Willison, Pocock · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### MCP

Ukrainian: MCP

The Model Context Protocol, an open standard for connecting a host to tool servers. The agent never calls MCP itself; it calls a tool that the host got from an MCP server.

- Usage in Ukrainian: the server is MCP-сервер
- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Prompt

Ukrainian: промпт

The message a user sends the model; it opens a turn.

- Avoid: prompt for an instruction (Willison and Anthropic's prompting guides also call a developer's instructions a prompt); prompt alone for a permission prompt
- Avoid in Ukrainian: запит (taken by запит дозволу)
- Checked against: Anthropic (Claude Code's `UserPromptSubmit` hook), Pocock; Willison and Anthropic's prompting guides collide · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Response

Ukrainian: відповідь

What the model writes back to the user at the end of a turn. Anthropic's API and Pocock also call a tool call a response, so write "final response" where the difference matters.

- Usage in Ukrainian: фінальна відповідь where the difference matters
- Avoid: reply, answer
- Checked against: Anthropic, Pocock · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU, Google · 15 Oct 2026

### System prompt

Ukrainian: системний промпт

The instructions the harness sends ahead of the conversation on every request. The vendor or the operator writes it, not the user, and models are trained to rank it above the user's messages.

- Checked against: Pocock, Anthropic, Willison · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Instruction

Ukrainian: інструкція

Text that tells the model what to do, in a system prompt, a CLAUDE.md or a skill. A safeguard written as an instruction holds only while the model complies.

- Usage in Ukrainian: the text a person types to the model stays промпт
- Avoid: prompt (that is the user's message, and a bare prompt can read as a permission prompt)
- Avoid in Ukrainian: вказівка (Google's word), запит (taken by запит дозволу)
- Checked against: Anthropic, Willison, Pocock · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: DOU, Microsoft, my posts · 15 Oct 2026

### Subagent

Ukrainian: субагент

An agent another agent spawns for a sub-task; it runs in its own context window and reports one result back.

- Avoid: sub-agent
- Avoid in Ukrainian: сабагент
- Checked against: Anthropic, Pocock, Willison · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Orchestrator

Ukrainian: оркестратор

The agent that splits a task, hands the pieces to subagents and synthesises what comes back.

- Checked against: Anthropic ("orchestrator-workers"), Pocock · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts; DOU also uses it for coding tools such as Cursor · 15 Oct 2026

### Skill

Ukrainian: скіл

A folder with a `SKILL.md` that the agent loads when a task matches it.

- Avoid in Ukrainian: навичка (Google's Gemini help uses it, but in a post it reads as a person's skill)
- Checked against: Anthropic, Willison, Pocock · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Hook

Ukrainian: хук

A command the harness runs on its own at a set point, such as after every tool call, without the model deciding to.

- Checked against: Anthropic · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Effort

Ukrainian: рівень міркування (effort)

How much a model reasons before it answers: "effort level" in Claude Code, "reasoning effort" in Codex.

- Avoid: reasoning setting
- Avoid in Ukrainian: зусилля
- Checked against: Anthropic, OpenAI Codex docs, Pocock · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: Google Gemini help · 15 Oct 2026

## Who runs the agent and what the user sees

### Host

Ukrainian: хост

The application that runs the model connection and shows the response: a chat app, an IDE, or a bot an operator runs. In a coding agent the host and the harness are one program: "host" names its MCP side and what it shows the user.

- Avoid: client (MCP's client is the connector inside the host)
- Checked against: MCP spec · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts · 15 Oct 2026

### Platform

Ukrainian: платформа

A chat product run by a model company, such as ChatGPT or claude.ai, that hosts other people's tools and can sell its own ads.

- Avoid: host (when the model company's product is meant)
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts · 15 Oct 2026

### Operator

Ukrainian: оператор

Whoever runs an agent product for users and controls what its host adds to a response.

- Avoid: developer (when they are running it, not building it), publisher
- Checked against: Anthropic constitution · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts · 15 Oct 2026

### User

Ukrainian: користувач

The human who reads the response.

- Avoid: person, reader (for this role; people in general and an essay's readers stay)
- Checked against: Anthropic, Willison, Pocock · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: Microsoft, Google, OpenAI, uk.wikipedia · 15 Oct 2026

### MCP App

Ukrainian: MCP App

Interactive UI a tool returns that the host renders inside the conversation.

- Usage in Ukrainian: застосунок in general
- Avoid: card, widget
- Avoid in Ukrainian: додаток (Google's word), картка, віджет
- Checked against: MCP Apps spec, OpenAI Apps SDK · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: OpenAI ("застосунки ChatGPT") · 15 Oct 2026

## Claude Code

### Permission prompt

Ukrainian: запит дозволу

What the harness shows the user before it runs a tool call that no rule allows.

- Avoid: prompt (alone), permission request (Pocock's word for it)
- Checked against: Anthropic, Willison · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts; OpenAI says "запитувати згоду користувача" · 15 Oct 2026

### Allow rule

Ukrainian: правило дозволу (allow)

An entry under `permissions.allow` in Claude Code's settings that lets matching tool calls run without a permission prompt.

- Checked against: Anthropic · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts · 15 Oct 2026

### Global CLAUDE.md

Ukrainian: глобальний CLAUDE.md *(proposal)*

`~/.claude/CLAUDE.md`, the file that loads into every Claude Code session. Anthropic's docs call it "User instructions"; Claude Code's own label for it says "global".

- Checked against: Anthropic · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: 15 Oct 2026

### Advisor

Ukrainian: радник *(proposal)*

Claude Code's advisor tool: a second, usually stronger model that the main model consults when it decides to.

- Checked against: Anthropic · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: no Ukrainian source found · 15 Oct 2026

## Where an offer can enter

### Entry point *(my term)*

Ukrainian: точка входу *(proposal)*

A place in an agent's flow where someone can attach a sponsored offer. There are seven: feed item, webhook, tool result, MCP App, host line, platform ad, and a priced offer an agent can pay for.

- Checked against: no collision found
- Ukrainian checked against: 15 Oct 2026

### Ingestion

Ukrainian: надходження *(proposal)*

How content reaches the agent before a run: webhooks, RSS, email, polling an API.

- Avoid: transport (MCP's word for the stdio or HTTP channel between client and server)
- Avoid in Ukrainian: транспорт
- Checked against: MCP spec · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: no Ukrainian source found · 15 Oct 2026

### Webhook proxy

Ukrainian: вебхук-проксі *(proposal)*

A middleman that receives webhooks and forwards them, and so can add to them.

- Avoid: relay, relay operator (MPP's term for payment relays)
- Checked against: Hookdeck, mpp.dev · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: вебхук per stape.io and monobank · 15 Oct 2026

### The model's gate *(my term)*

Ukrainian: фільтр моделі *(my term)*

The boundary in an agent's flow above which an offer reaches the user only if the model repeats it. Offers attached below it, by the host or the platform, reach the user every time.

- Avoid in Ukrainian: брама моделі, шлюз (платіжний шлюз, API-шлюз)
- Checked against: no collision found
- Ukrainian checked against: 15 Oct 2026

### Surface

Ukrainian: поверхня *(proposal)*

Whatever finally shows an offer: a user's screen, or an agent's own decision.

- Ukrainian checked against: Ukrainian security writing says поверхня атаки · 15 Oct 2026

### Untrusted content

Ukrainian: ненадійний контент

Text from third parties that reaches the model's context, such as a feed item, a web page or a tool result. A sponsored item arriving this way is untrusted content, and Anthropic's docs file instructions inside it under indirect prompt injection.

- Avoid in Ukrainian: недовірений вміст
- Checked against: Willison, Anthropic · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: OpenAI ("ненадійного зовнішнього контенту"), DOU (промпт-ін'єкція) · 15 Oct 2026

### Prompt injection

Ukrainian: промпт-ін'єкція

An attack that hides instructions in untrusted content, so that the model follows them as if the user or the operator had given them. Willison coined the term in 2022 for mixing trusted and untrusted text in one context.

- Usage in Ukrainian: непряма ін'єкція (indirect prompt injection)
- Avoid: jailbreak (getting a model past its own safety training; Willison treats it as a different problem)
- Checked against: Willison, Anthropic · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: my posts, DOU, mezha.ua · 15 Oct 2026

## Money

### Settlement

Ukrainian: розрахунок

The event that moves money: a click followed by a sale reported back, or a payment the agent makes itself.

- Avoid: "settles in a wallet" (x402 settles onchain to the seller's address; Stripe's MPP settles into the seller's Stripe balance)
- Checked against: docs.x402.org, Stripe · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: monobank, Solana · 15 Oct 2026

### x402

Ukrainian: x402

An open standard for paying over HTTP: the server answers `402 Payment Required` with its terms, and the client retries with a signed payment.

- Usage in Ukrainian: the status stays `402 Payment Required`
- Checked against: docs.x402.org · 14 Oct 2026

### MPP

Ukrainian: MPP

The Machine Payments Protocol, an open standard for agents to pay, co-authored by Tempo and Stripe, which works with stablecoins, cards and bank transfers.

- Checked against: stripe.com, mpp.dev · 14 Oct 2026

### Facilitator

Ukrainian: фасилітатор

In x402, the service that verifies a payment and settles it onchain for the seller, without holding the funds.

- Checked against: docs.x402.org · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: Solana's Ukrainian x402 page · 15 Oct 2026

### Postback

Ukrainian: постбек (affiliate jargon)

A server-to-server report of a conversion, such as a sale, from the merchant to the affiliate network. Plain-English form: "a sale reported back".

- Usage in Ukrainian: plain form: повідомлення про продаж
- Ukrainian checked against: reacheffect.com · 15 Oct 2026

## Browsers

### Challenge page

Ukrainian: сторінка перевірки *(proposal)*

The page a bot-protection service puts in front of the real one, such as Cloudflare's "Just a moment...".

- Checked against: Cloudflare · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: Cloudflare has no Ukrainian UI · 15 Oct 2026

### Clearance cookie

Ukrainian: кукі `cf_clearance`

Cloudflare's `cf_clearance` cookie, proof that a browser passed a challenge.

- Avoid: clearance token (Cloudflare's token is Turnstile's one-time token)
- Avoid in Ukrainian: токен, файли cookie (Google's formal form)
- Checked against: Cloudflare · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: uk.wikipedia, DOU · 15 Oct 2026

### Data directory

Ukrainian: каталог даних (user data directory) *(proposal)*

The folder that holds all of a Chrome install's profiles. Chrome 136 and later refuse a debug port on the default one.

- Usage in Ukrainian: a profile is профіль
- Avoid: default profile (for that rule)
- Checked against: Chrome developer blog · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: Google Chrome help for профіль · 15 Oct 2026

### Ref

Ukrainian: ref

agent-browser's handle for an element in a snapshot of the page's accessibility tree, such as `@e3`.

- Usage in Ukrainian: as in `@e3`
- Checked against: agent-browser README · 14 Oct 2026

## Coinages

### Interceptor *(my term)*

Ukrainian: перехоплювач *(proposal)*

An agent that rewrites its human's message before it is sent and stays invisible in the conversation.

- Checked against: no collision found
- Ukrainian checked against: no collision found · 15 Oct 2026

### Demon *(my term)*

Ukrainian: демон *(my term)*

An agent that speaks in the conversation on its own line, next to its human; a personal spirit in the classical sense.

- Usage in Ukrainian: glossed on first use as a personal spirit, because in Ukrainian IT демон is also the daemon
- Avoid: daemon (in computing, a background process: the opposite)
- Avoid in Ukrainian: даймон, даймоніон
- Checked against: Wiktionary, Wikipedia · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: uk.wikipedia (Демон (програма)) · 15 Oct 2026

## Ways of working

### Grilling

Ukrainian: допит (grilling) *(my term)*

A way to develop a plan or a draft with an agent: the agent interviews the user one decision at a time and proposes an answer to each, until nothing is left undecided.

- Checked against: Pocock · 15 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: no Ukrainian source found · 15 Oct 2026

## Learning

### Bloom's taxonomy

Ukrainian: таксономія Блума

A framework for classifying what students are meant to learn, from a 1956 handbook edited by Benjamin Bloom. Its 2001 revision runs from Remember to Create; the 1956 original ran from Knowledge to Evaluation.

- Usage in Ukrainian: 1956 levels знання, розуміння, застосування, аналіз, синтез, оцінка
- Avoid: a model of intelligence; Create as "the traditional top"
- Checked against: Krathwohl (2002) · 14 Oct 2026
- Ukrainian checked against: uk.wikipedia; the 2001 names (запам'ятовування … створення) are unverified · 15 Oct 2026